Colon and rectum

Race/ethnicity rates per 100k (SEER Stat Facts)

Official Stat Facts race/ethnicity rates. SEER 21 2019–2023 incidence; U.S. 2020–2024 mortality. Age-adjusted per 100k — never an artboard percent. Cells not shown on Stat Facts (<16 cases) stay blank.

USPSTF screening pointer

USPSTF 2021 A/B · Ages 45–75 (76–85 individualized) · Colonoscopy / FIT / sDNA-FIT / CTC / flex sig

Encoded on the published track as an eligibility table — not a personal recommendation. USPSTF-crc-2021

ACS early-detection pointer

ACS 2026 · Average-risk adults · ACS 2026: start screening at 45; continue through 75; 76–85 individualized; stop after 85. Blood-based tests are an option, not preferred. Not claimed as USPSTF-equivalent.

Cited ACS statement only. Do not claim USPSTF / NCCN equivalence. ACS-early-detection

ACS early-detection pointer

ACS 2026 · People at increased or high risk of colorectal cancer · ACS colorectal type page (2026): ACS does not have screening guidelines specifically for people at increased or high risk of colorectal cancer. USMSTF and other organizations are named on that page. Those increased-risk calendars are not encoded. Complementary to the encoded USPSTF 2021 average-risk row, the ACS average-risk pointer, and the USMSTF 2021 start/stop specialty pointer. Not an IBD, Lynch, or radiation-field screening engine.

Cited ACS statement only. Do not claim USPSTF / NCCN equivalence. ACS-crc-detect

USMSTF screening pointer

USMSTF 2021 · Average-risk adults considering CRC screening · USMSTF 2021: suggest average-risk screening begin at 45; strong recommendation ages 50–75; individualize 76–85; do not screen after 85. This demo encodes USPSTF 2021 ages 45–75. Not equivalent. Not a modality-tier engine.

Cited specialty / payer statement only. Do not claim USPSTF / NCCN equivalence. USMSTF-crc-screen-2021

CMS screening pointer

CMS 2026 · Medicare beneficiaries considering CRC screening · CMS NCD 210.3 (2026): yearly FOBT from age 45; certain FDA-authorized non-invasive biomarker tests every 3 years at ages 45–85 for average-risk asymptomatic beneficiaries. This demo encodes USPSTF 2021 ages 45–75. Not a coverage determination. Not equivalent. Official test-performance percents from that NCD are not restated.

Cited specialty / payer statement only. Do not claim USPSTF / NCCN equivalence. CMS-NCD-210.3

Surveillance pointer

USMSTF-2020 2020 · encoded flag · USMSTF 2020 follow-up after colonoscopy and polypectomy. Categorical finding class only — not a full size / dysplasia engine.

Named public source only. Not a personal follow-up calendar. USMSTF-2020

Surveillance pointer

ACS-crc-follow 2025 · cited only · ACS living-as-a-survivor page names typical visits every 3 to 6 months for the first couple of years, then every 6 months, plus colonoscopy about a year after surgery. Those months are not encoded. Complementary to the encoded USMSTF-2020 flag. CEA, proctoscopy, and CT cadences are named, not encoded.

Named public source only. Not a personal follow-up calendar. ACS-crc-follow

Surveillance pointer

ACS-crc-second 2024 · cited only · ACS second-cancers page names regular visits after colorectal-cancer treatment and points to the living-as page for tests. Most experts do not recommend additional testing to look for second cancers unless you have symptoms. Lynch syndrome is named, not encoded. Complementary to the encoded USMSTF-2020 flag and the ACS living-as row. Not a Lynch or second-primary screening engine.

Named public source only. Not a personal follow-up calendar. ACS-crc-second

Surveillance pointer

ACS-long-term-effects 2025 · cited only · ACS long-term page names bowel blockage from adhesions after abdomen or pelvis treatment, plus urinary retention, leakage, or UTIs. Those names are not encoded. Complementary to the encoded USMSTF-2020 flag and the ACS living-as / second-cancer rows. Not an endoscopy, cystoscopy-interval, or Lynch engine.

Named public source only. Not a personal follow-up calendar. ACS-long-term-effects

Surveillance pointer

ACS-follow-up-care 2025 · cited only · ACS follow-up-care page names a treatment summary and survivorship care plan, plus watching for recurrence and for a second cancer. Regular cervical, breast, colorectal, or lung screening may be named. Those plans and screens are not encoded. Complementary to the GI printout. Not a Lynch or endoscopy engine.

Named public source only. Not a personal follow-up calendar. ACS-follow-up-care

Toxicity pointer

USMSTF-2020 2020 · cited only · USMSTF 2020 post-resection colonoscopy is follow-up, not screening. No invented recurrence coefficient.

Named public source only. Flags are not dose reconstruction. USMSTF-2020

Toxicity pointer

ACS-crc-follow 2025 · empty on purpose · ACS living-as-a-survivor page names long-term treatment side effects after colorectal cancer, including ostomy care, chronic bowel changes, and neuropathy. Those late effects are not encoded. Complementary to the USMSTF post-resection pointer. Empty on purpose.

Named public source only. Flags are not dose reconstruction. ACS-crc-follow

Toxicity pointer

ACS-crc-second 2024 · empty on purpose · ACS second-cancers page names later cancers after colorectal-cancer treatment. Lynch syndrome is named, not encoded. Complementary to the ACS living-as pointer. Empty on purpose.

Named public source only. Flags are not dose reconstruction. ACS-crc-second

Toxicity pointer

ACS-long-term-effects 2025 · empty on purpose · ACS long-term page names later bowel blockage from adhesions and urinary retention or incontinence after abdomen or pelvis treatment. Those late effects are not encoded. Complementary to the USMSTF post-resection pointer and the ACS living-as row. Empty on purpose.

Named public source only. Flags are not dose reconstruction. ACS-long-term-effects

Toxicity pointer

ACS-follow-up-care 2025 · empty on purpose · ACS follow-up-care page names a treatment summary and second-cancer watching after abdomen or pelvis treatment. Those named tests are not encoded. Complementary to the GI printout. Empty on purpose.

Named public source only. Flags are not dose reconstruction. ACS-follow-up-care

Late toxicity printout

Late toxicity printout — GI

Acute: ACS names nausea, heartburn, cramps, diarrhea or constipation, bowel urgency, and rectal or anal skin irritation. Late: radiation proctitis, bowel incontinence, ostomy or chronic bowel change, neuropathy, adhesions, urinary trouble after pelvis RT, fertility effects, sexuality changes, lasting fatigue, cavities after chemo, and cognitive change after chemo. Monitor: on-treatment diarrhea; proctitis after 3 to 6 months; lasting fatigue or sleep problems; sexuality or body-image change; fertility after pelvis, belly, or spine treatment; cavity risk after chemo; memory, thinking, or focus change after chemo; a treatment summary and second-cancer watching. Those names are not encoded. Official esophagus share-of-new-cases figures are not restated. Not a Lynch or endoscopy engine.

Questions to ask

ACS long-term page lists questions to ask the care team: possible long-term and late effects, whether fertility or second-cancer risk is higher, which cancer screening tests belong later, which specialists should follow those effects, whether cancer rehabilitation could help, and when to call primary care versus cancer care. Those questions are not encoded. Not a screening, fertility, rehab, or specialist-interval engine.

ACS long-term page says not everyone who has cancer treatment gets long-term or late effects. Who does can depend on the cancer type, the type and dose of treatment, side effects during treatment, age at diagnosis, health before treatment, genetics, eating and exercise during and after treatment, care-team expertise, and support from others. Those reasons are not encoded. Not a late-effect risk-score engine.

ACS follow-up-care page lists questions to ask: how to get a treatment summary and follow-up care plan, who is in charge of follow-up, how often visits and which tests or screens belong later, signs of recurrence or a second cancer, and which survivor support services are available. Follow-up may stay with the cancer care team, move to a survivorship clinic, or return to primary care, depending on the cancer type and stage, the treatment, remaining side effects, insurance, and wishes. Those questions and choices are not encoded. Not a visit-interval, screening, or clinic-routing engine.

Treatment summary and care plan

ACS follow-up-care page names what a cancer treatment summary most often includes: diagnosis date; cancer type, including where it started, stage, and grade if known; treatments and dates, including type, dose, and number of cycles; side effects and how they were managed; test results; and names and contacts for the treating doctors. A survivorship care plan most often names remaining treatment, how often follow-up should happen, which tests including screens for other cancers, possible long-term or late effects, and ways to improve overall health. Those named contents are not encoded. Not a records, visit-interval, or screening engine.

How late effects are managed

ACS follow-up-care page says long-term side effects begin during treatment and continue after, and late side effects can start months or years later. Follow-up care may include a review of symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests to check blood counts and how the liver, kidneys, and other organs are working, and other tests as needed. Special tests after some treatments stay named on this printout. Those named steps are not encoded. Not a lab-panel, visit-interval, or screening engine.

ACS long-term late names

• Bowel obstruction from adhesions
• Urinary retention or incontinence after pelvis RT
• Fertility after pelvis, belly, or spine RT
• Sexuality after cancer treatment
• Cancer-related fatigue that lasts
• Joint or muscle pain after some treatments
• Mental health and distress after treatment
• Cavities and tooth loss after chemo
• Cognitive impairment after brain RT or chemo

Named conditions to monitor

• Diarrhea that starts during abdomen RT
• Radiation proctitis after 3 to 6 months
• Second-cancer testing
• Bowel blockage or bladder-emptying trouble
• Cancer-related fatigue or sleep problems that last
• Joint or muscle pain after chemo, steroids, or hormone therapy
• Anxiety, depression, or fear of recurrence after treatment
• Sexuality or body-image change after treatment
• Fertility after pelvis, belly, or spine treatment
• Cavity risk after chemo
• New or worsening memory, thinking, or focus
• Second-cancer awareness after radiation or chemo
• Ask which late-effect tests belong on the follow-up plan

Acute toxicities · Late toxicities · Named conditions to monitor. Cadences are placeholders. Named tests are not encoded. Cited ACS abdomen / pelvis / CRC names only. Complementary ACS long-term page is named, not encoded. Official esophagus share-of-new-cases figures are not restated. No invented trial percent.

SEER 5-year relative survival by stage

Localized 91.1% · Regional 73.4% · Distant 15.6% · All 65.4%

Colon and rectum combined.

Percent of cases by stage (SEER Stat Facts)

Localized 34% · Regional 37% · Distant 23% · Unknown 6%

Percent of cases at diagnosis — not 5-year relative survival. SEER Combined Summary Stage. Colon and rectum combined.

average-risk screening · choose FIT yearly or colonoscopy every 10 years · outside screening ages

• screening

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (40 if first-degree CRC)

  average-risk screening

  on this plan

• surveillance

  USMSTF-style interval from the last finding

  choose FIT yearly or colonoscopy every 10 years

  empty on purpose

• toxicity

  Post-resection colonoscopy sits on Toxicity when it is follow-up, not screening

  Same USMSTF-style interval. No invented recurrence coefficient.

  empty on purpose

normal screening colonoscopy · 10 years · age in 45–75 (or 40+ if first-degree history)

• screening

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (40 if first-degree CRC)

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (or 40 if first-degree CRC) — educational points only

  on this plan

• surveillance

  USMSTF-style interval from the last finding

  10 years

  empty on purpose

• toxicity

  Post-resection colonoscopy sits on Toxicity when it is follow-up, not screening

  Same USMSTF-style interval. No invented recurrence coefficient.

  empty on purpose

normal screening colonoscopy · 10 years · age in 45–75 (or 40+ if first-degree history)

• screening

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (40 if first-degree CRC)

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (or 40 if first-degree CRC) — educational points only

  on this plan

• surveillance

  USMSTF-style interval from the last finding

  10 years

  empty on purpose

• toxicity

  Post-resection colonoscopy sits on Toxicity when it is follow-up, not screening

  Same USMSTF-style interval. No invented recurrence coefficient.

  empty on purpose

average-risk screening · choose FIT yearly or colonoscopy every 10 years · age in 45–75 (or 40+ if first-degree history)

• screening

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (40 if first-degree CRC)

  USPSTF 2021 start at 45 (or 40 if first-degree CRC) — educational points only

  on this plan

• surveillance

  USMSTF-style interval from the last finding

  choose FIT yearly or colonoscopy every 10 years

  empty on purpose

• toxicity

  Post-resection colonoscopy sits on Toxicity when it is follow-up, not screening

  Same USMSTF-style interval. No invented recurrence coefficient.

  empty on purpose